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TL;DR: If you want to skip the detailed mumbo jumbo, go straight to the code example in the conclusion.
When doing data science in a Jupyter notebook, there are plenty of options for the standard data visualization needs:matplotlib, pandas, seaborn, bokeh, etc. Occasionally you might be stuck in a situation where you can not easily express the desired visualization with the standard vocabulary provided by these tools.In these cases I like to leverage the flexibilityof D3.js to build a custom graph or diagram. How to clear memory space on android.
In this article, I'll discuss an approach how to implement a custom do-it-yourself D3.js visualization in a Jupyter Notebook.This topic is covered in some other places around the web,but I couldn't find a complete approach thatconnects all the dots and isn't too hackish.
In particular, I'll try to keep these things in mind here:
<script src='..'>
loading/order headaches.<div>
in the markup and use the corresponding id in the javascript code).Keeping these id's properly in sync is annoying to maintain, especially if you iterate a lot or want multiple drawings in the same notebook.To cover the basics, let's start simple with just inline %%javascript
snippet cells.
First, we tell the RequireJS environment where to find the version of D3.js we want.Note that the .js
extension is omitted in the URL.
We can now create a D3.js powered SVG drawing, for example as follows: Snow leopard torrent for mac.
Note:
d3
library in a closure.element
is the jQuery powered wrapper for thiselement.get(0)
is the DOM node itself that can be handed to d3.select()
element
variable is a global variable and overwritten on each rendering of a Javascript cell, so to make sure we capture the correct element
inside our D3.js code (which could be executed in a different context), we wrap the whole thing in a closure.Unless you're just toying around with simple visualizations,these D3.js scripts can get very extensive,which is not very ideal to work on directly in a interactive notebook.You probably want to develop the D3.js script in an editor or IDE that gives you a bit more code intelligence.
Let's cover how to get things working with an separate .js
scriptand, additionally, with data that is initially defined or constructed in Python.
First, we'll need these imports:
and we set up the RequireJS search path (repeated here for completeness)
Let's say we have a script circles.js
that implements a certain visualisation, rougly with this structure:
In addition to declaring a dependency on the d3
library like before, we now define
a 'module' called circles
. This explicit naming is not the standard RequireJS way, but we have to do it because we will embed the Javascript code in the HTML document directly, instead of loading the file with a separate request.For simplicity, the defined module is just a single function (internally called draw
), which expects a container to append the SVG element to and a data object.
Assuming that this script circles.js
lives alongside the notebook file, we can inject the javascript code in the notebook like this:
Note:
circles
'module' which is just our drawing functionelement.get(0)
as discussed abovecircles
function call in Javascript. For simplicity, I used basic Python string formatting with %
, but other templating solutions are possible of course.Javascript
thing in a reusable function. Don't forget to return the Javascript
object so it rendered properly.Apart from your D3.js script, you usually also want to add some custom CSS to the mix, preferably in a separate file as well. Define the CSS in a HTML file, e.g. circles.css.html
as follows
Android rdp to windows 10 free. and load it like this:
Reloading the code from the separate script while developing can be very cumbersome. RequireJS will not automatically 'reload' a module that is already defined. For a full hard refresh you should: clear the output of the Javascript(filename=.)
cell (or clear all outputs of the whole notebook), save the notebook and refresh the page in your browser.
Luckily there is a much easier way using require.undef
. Put it at the top of the script file, before the define
to 'unload' the module before redefining it again. In our example:
Now you just have the re-execute the Javascript(filename=.)
cell and the code will be reloaded, which is a lot more intuitive during development.
To conclude, all the bits together, in a more compact way.